Supplementation strategies often overemphasise crude protein. However, rumen microbes require synchronised availability of energy and nitrogen to function optimally. When sheep consume excess protein without

Cold stress is often underestimated in extensive sheep systems. As ambient temperatures fall below the sheep’s thermoneutral zone, their bodies must expend additional energy to

The rumen is not a digestive organ; it is a microbial fermentation chamber. Performance in sheep is ultimately dictated by the efficiency of rumen microbial

You won’t identify it during a routine flock inspection. Body condition may appear acceptable. Grazing availability may seem adequate. Yet at a metabolic level, a

Wat is kuilvoer? Kuilvoer is ‘n anaerobiese (suurstof-vrye) fermentasie van ruvoere met genoeg vog (water) wat lei tot n lae pH (suurheidsgraad) om in kombinasie